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Koi breeding is not easy if what you want is to produce high-quality fish for competition purposes. Before you can obtain a prize-winning koi fish, you will have to cull and discard several thousand fry. The koi breeding process is lengthy and hard but it is all worth it.

Choosing the Parents

Choose the male and female from the exact same variety you want to reproduce. If you wish to cross-breed, choose varieties carefully and research more on the kind of offspring you're likely to get. Just remember that the dominant genes are the ones from the male parent.

Make sure to use only adult fish for breeding purposes. The ideal breeding age of the female is from 5 years forward as their eggs are larger and more fertile. Beware of breeding females younger than 4 years old as your koi could lose their colors and patterns if bred at an early age. The female koi is ready to spawn if you see it sucking at the sides of the pond, trying to clear an area where she can put her eggs.

Male koi can start spawning upon reaching the age of two when small white nodules appear on the pectoral fins and gill plates. You can really feel those parts to be rougher than usual. You can use the younger males every two weeks but allow a lengthier time interval for older males to maximize their fertility potential.

Spawning

Koi will naturally spawn in the early summer months. If you allow that to happen, however, the eggs will only be eaten by the some other fish while the females will be more stressed. The net result will be offspring of inferior quality. Moreover, a pond filled with eggs will harbor bad bacteria that will adversely affect the health of your koi population.

If you are sincere in koi breeding, you will need to use a controlled approach. Place the koi brooders in a separate pond and be sure to hang spawning media from the walls of the pond. The female will need them to deposit her eggs which can be anywhere between 100,000 to 500,000 depending on her mass. You can make use of ropes, artificial grasses, natural plants, vegetable sacking, or cloth strips as spawning material.

During courtship, the male chases the female and forces her towards the walls of the pond to induce spawning. If there are two or three males in the pond, they will crowd on her to simultaneously fertilize the eggs.

You will know that the Koi have spawned if there is foam on the surface of the water and the distinct smell of ammonia. By then, you will need to transfer the female to another pond where she can regain her strength. Remove the males too; otherwise, they might feed on the eggs.

Culling

The fry will get out of their eggshells in 5 to 7 days. They will continue growing and you can begin culling on the sixth week. Get rid of the baby koi with deformities like missing fins, deformed mouths, colorless, or single color.

Culling is crucial in koi breeding. You need to reduce the numbers so the great quality fry can get to a reasonable size by the end of the season. If you do not cull, the undesirable koi will still fight with the good koi for food and space. Culled fry are usually destroyed or fed to the other fish.

You can release your selected young koi in a mud pond that is very rich in natural food. As they grow larger, you can resume the selection process until you get only the best koi that you want to keep or sell.

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